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ÉtudeOp. 10 No. 12 · about 1831
The Revolutionary Étude
The last of Chopin's first set of études, dedicated to his friend Franz Liszt. A legend ties it to the fall of Warsaw in 1831, but Chopin never gave it a name, and the title was added by others. Listen for the left hand, which keeps running from the first bar to the last.
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NocturneC-sharp minor · published 1875
Lento con gran espressione
Chopin wrote this nocturne shortly after arriving in Vienna in 1830, for his older sister Ludwika to practise before she took on his Second Concerto. It was published after his death. A nocturne is a piece that evokes the night, and Chopin wrote 21 of them.
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PolonaiseA major, Op. 40 No. 1 · 1838
The Military Polonaise
Composed in 1838 and dedicated to Julian Fontana, this polonaise is played almost entirely forte or louder. The polonaise started out as a dance for walking, and Arthur Rubinstein called this one the symbol of Polish glory. Listen for the steady polonaise rhythm under the big chords.
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BarcarolleF-sharp major, Op. 60
A boat song from his last years
Chopin composed the Barcarolle between autumn 1845 and summer 1846, three years before his death. It is based on a barcarolle rhythm, and its double notes in the right hand imitate the style of bel canto opera arias. It is often considered one of his more demanding works.
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BachWell-Tempered Clavier, book II · 1738
Prelude and fugue in G-sharp minor
The eighteenth prelude and fugue in the second volume of The Well-Tempered Clavier, written in 1738. Chopin cited Bach and Mozart as the two most important composers in shaping his musical outlook, so a fugue beside his nocturnes is a way of hearing his teacher's voice.
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SchumannPapillons · 1831
A masked ball in twelve movements
Robert Schumann wrote Papillons in 1831, aged 21, as a representation of a masked ball inspired by a novel by Jean Paul. Repeated notes near the end suggest a clock striking and the ball ending. In the same year Schumann reviewed Chopin's Op. 2 variations and called him a genius.
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LisztAnnées de pèlerinage · second year
Petrarch Sonnet 104
Liszt's Sonetto 104 del Petrarca, in E major, belongs to the Italian volume of his Years of Pilgrimage, composed between 1837 and 1849. Liszt and Chopin were friends, and Chopin dedicated the first set of his études to Liszt. Liszt took a sonnet by the poet Petrarch as his starting point.
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RachmaninoffÉtudes-Tableaux, Op. 33 · 1911
A study that paints a picture
Rachmaninoff wrote his Op. 33 Études-Tableaux between August and September 1911. The title is translated as study pictures: concert pieces that evoke something seen rather than drills for the fingers. They continue the idea that an étude can be a work of art.
The programme may change, and none of these pieces is promised for your night. Read the entries as a taste of the repertoire, nothing firmer.